The Long-Term Effects of Nicotine

In the body, nicotine interacts with central nervous arranging receptors consisting of various combinations of alpha and important proteins. This facilitates the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamate, and serotonin. The dependence produced is similar to that of opiates and cocaine (Johnson, Rose & Westman, 1999). Pharmacologically, the nicotine produces feelings of pleasure, arousal, and relaxation, amd may rectify attention and reaction term in addicted separates. Also, the persona of nicotine reduces anxiety and stress, relieves hunger, and prevents weight light upon (Hunter et al., 1994). The detrimental do of the medicine include increased daub pressure, heart rate, coronary vasoconstriction, and the occupation of carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces the delivery of oxygen in the body (Ferry, Joseph, Norman, & Prochazka, 1996).\n\nNot save does nicotine effect the body biologically, just it has serious psychoactive perso nal effects as swell up. These psychoactive effects cause the eatagers behavior to be reinforced, two positively and negatively. The positive livelihood (which causes the smoker to want to smoke) involves the input of the nicotine receptors, which promotes higher rates of self-administration of the drug. The negative reinforcement (which causes the smoker to non want to not smoke) is in the form of withdrawal symptoms produced by chronic use. Smokers also familiar spirit the pleasurable effects of consume mentioned previously with the taste, smell, and feel of the smoke in their throat, as well as the manipulation of the consume materials. This is called conditioning, which is the major cause of oversight once smoking close has occurred (Hunter et al.).\n\nIn order for an individual to quit smoking, the psychological, behavioral, and physical components of dependence must be considered so that an effective treatment invention can be developed. The around successful appr oaches involve a combina...